Try the questions in the test above first, then open each one here to see the correct answer and why every other option is wrong.
01Which active vitamin derivative supports enzymes of glucose metabolism?
Practice question Unit: Fundamentals of Clinical Nutrition
AThiamin diphosphate ✓ Correct answer
TDP is a key metabolic cofactor.
BAlpha-tocopherol
Alpha-tocopherol acts as an antioxidant.
CCalcitriol
Calcitriol regulates calcium physiology.
DPhylloquinone
Phylloquinone supports vitamin K reactions.
Reference: Introduction: TDP coenzyme — https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-HealthProfessional/
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02An adult weighs 72 kg and is 1.60 m tall. What is BMI, to one decimal place?
Practice question Unit: Fundamentals of Clinical Nutrition
A18.0 kg/m²
18.0 is not the result of the BMI formula.
B22.5 kg/m²
22.5 is not the result of the BMI formula.
C45.0 kg/m²
45 divides weight by height without squaring.
D28.1 kg/m² ✓ Correct answer
72 ÷ 1.60² = 28.125.
Reference: Formula: weight (kg)/height (m)^2 — https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/index.html
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03A 70-kg man has CKD G4, is metabolically stable, is not receiving dialysis and has adequate nutritional status. Which daily protein target matches the general KDIGO 2024 recommendation?
Practice question Unit: Nutrition Care for Individuals and Groups
A28 g
This is 0.4 g/kg; it is not the general target outside a specialized program.
B56 g ✓ Correct answer
Correct: 0.8 × 70 = 56 g/day for adults with G3–G5.
C91 g
This is 1.3 g/kg, above the 0.8-g/kg target.
D140 g
This is 2 g/kg and exceeds the intake to avoid in those at risk of progression.
Reference: KDIGO 2024 Recommendation 3.3.1.1; Practice Point 3.3.1.1 — https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/KDIGO-2024-CKD-Guideline.pdf
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04An adult with CKD at risk of progression takes protein powder, bringing intake to 1.6 g/kg/day. Which advice is most appropriate?
Practice question Unit: Nutrition Care for Individuals and Groups
AContinue because the source is a supplement
Total intake matters even when protein comes from a supplement.
BIncrease protein to 2 g/kg
Increasing intake conflicts with guidance to avoid high protein intake.
CEliminate all protein sources
Eliminating all protein is not recommended and may harm nutritional status.
DReduce the high intake and avoid exceeding 1.3 g/kg/day ✓ Correct answer
Correct; KDIGO advises avoiding >1.3 g/kg in adults at risk of CKD progression.
Reference: KDIGO 2024 Practice Point 3.3.1.1 — https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/KDIGO-2024-CKD-Guideline.pdf
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05A referral flags poor intake. What should precede selecting a nutrition diagnosis?
Practice question Unit: Nutrition Care for Individuals and Groups
ASelect a medical diagnosis
A medical label does not replace nutrition assessment.
BAssess and interpret relevant data ✓ Correct answer
Assessment supplies the evidence for diagnosis.
CEvaluate outcomes immediately
Outcomes require an intervention and baseline.
DPrescribe a standard supplement
Intervention without assessment may miss the cause.
Reference: Academy NCP overview, four interrelated steps — https://www.eatrightpro.org/practice/nutrition-care-process/ncp-overview
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06A label gives 18 g carbohydrate per serving. A patient eats 2.5 servings. How much is counted?
Practice question Unit: Nutrition Care for Individuals and Groups
A45 g ✓ Correct answer
18 × 2.5 = 45 g.
B18 g
This counts only one serving.
C7.2 g
Dividing reverses the calculation.
D36 g
This counts two servings.
Reference: CDC Diabetes Meal Planning, Counting carbs — https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/diabetes-meal-planning.html
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07A district plans a nutrition outreach program. Before choosing indicators, which task best fits assessing the context?
Practice question Unit: Management of Food, Nutrition Programs and Services
ACount handouts without defining the program
Counts alone do not describe needs or context.
BUnderstand community needs, setting and intended users of findings ✓ Correct answer
Context guides relevant evaluation decisions.
CChoose a positive conclusion in advance
Preselecting conclusions undermines objectivity.
DPublish results before gathering data
Conclusions need credible evidence.
Reference: Evaluation Steps: assess context — https://www.cdc.gov/evaluation/php/evaluation-framework/index.html
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08An audit finds 18 incorrect diet orders among 600 orders reviewed. What is the error percentage?
Practice question Unit: Management of Food, Nutrition Programs and Services
A3% ✓ Correct answer
18/600×100 =3%.
B30%
30% introduces a tenfold error.
C0.03%
0.03 is the fraction, not 0.03 percent.
D18%
18 is the error count, not percent.
Reference: Process measure: proportion with consistent denominator — https://www.ihi.org/library/model-for-improvement/establishing-measures
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09Which patient group is particularly vulnerable to invasive Listeria infection from contaminated food?
Practice question Unit: Food Service Systems
AOnly adults with seasonal pollen allergy
Pollen allergy alone is not the defining risk state.
BOnly people with lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance alone does not define invasive Listeria risk.
CPregnant patients and people with weakened immunity ✓ Correct answer
Pregnancy and impaired immunity are recognized risk states.
DOnly healthy athletes
Healthy athletes are not the principal high-risk group.
Reference: People at risk — https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/index.html
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10What is the main food-safety limitation of freezing?
Practice question Unit: Food Service Systems
AIt makes thawing practices irrelevant
Safe thawing remains essential.
BIt eliminates every preformed toxin
Existing toxins may persist.
CIt stops bacterial growth but does not kill most bacteria ✓ Correct answer
Surviving organisms can become active after thawing.
DIt reliably sterilizes every food
Freezing is not sterilization.
Reference: Freezer Facts: freezing and bacterial growth — https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/are-you-storing-food-safely
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