Try the questions in the test above first, then open each one here to see the correct answer and why every other option is wrong.
01An adult has an active but noncavitated occlusal lesion on a permanent molar. Isolation is achievable. Which intervention is prioritized over fluoride varnish alone for arresting this lesion?
Practice question Unit: Restorative Dentistry
APit-and-fissure sealant ✓ Correct answer
A sealant, with or without varnish, is prioritized for a noncavitated occlusal lesion.
BImmediate full-coverage crown
The described lesion does not establish a need for a crown.
C10% CPP-ACP paste alone
The guideline advises against 10% CPP-ACP paste when fluoride, sealants, or resin infiltration are accessible.
DWeekly sodium fluoride rinse alone
Rinse alone is not prioritized over a feasible sealant in this setting.
Reference: ADA chairside guideline, p. 1, noncavitated occlusal recommendation. https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/chairside_guide_nonrestorative_treatments_for_carious_lesions_on_permanent_teeth.pdf
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02The mandibular record base rocks when light pressure alternates between sides, and repeated horizontal jaw records disagree. What should be corrected first?
Practice question Unit: Restorative Dentistry
AAverage several jaw records made with the same rocking base
Averaging does not remove displacement caused by an unstable recording platform.
BSelect the record that gives the most even contacts without correcting the base
A plausible-looking record does not establish accuracy when the base moves.
CThe articulator condylar guidance
Changing articulator guidance does not stabilize the rocking base.
DRecord-base adaptation and stability ✓ Correct answer
A rigid, stable base is necessary for dependable jaw registration.
Reference: BSSPD, Barsby et al., Guides to Standards in Prosthetic Dentistry — Complete and Partial Dentures, 2005 update (currently linked society version); printed p.3 / PDF p.3: Recording jaw relations; printed p.7 / PDF p.7: Working casts and registration rims. https://www.bsspd.org/File.ashx?id=16311
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03When reconstructing the occlusal anatomy of a maxillary first molar, which cusps are connected by its oblique ridge?
Practice question Unit: Restorative Dentistry
ABoth buccal cusps: mesiobuccal and distobuccal
These are the two buccal cusps, separated by the buccal groove.
BMesiobuccal and distolingual
That diagonal is not the typical maxillary molar oblique ridge.
CMesiolingual and distobuccal ✓ Correct answer
The oblique ridge links the mesiolingual and distobuccal cusp regions.
DMesiolingual and distolingual
These are the two lingual cusps rather than the oblique-ridge endpoints.
Reference: University of Al Maarif, Muhammad Abdulmunim Abdullatif, Dental Anatomy Lecture 11: Permanent Maxillary Molars, institutional teaching chapter, undated; printed/PDF p.1: Principal identifying features, item3. https://uoa.edu.iq/storage/uploads/6977312bc82b7_dental-anatomy-lec-11.pdf
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04A training sensor at a composite surface records a constant irradiance of 600 mW/cm² for 20 seconds. What radiant exposure was delivered? This is a calculation exercise, not a prescribed curing schedule.
Practice question Unit: Restorative Dentistry
A0.012 J/cm²
This incorrectly converts milliwatts to watts by an extra factor of 1000.
B12 J/cm² ✓ Correct answer
600 mW/cm² = 0.6 W/cm²; 0.6 × 20 = 12 J/cm². Suitability still depends on the material and clinical delivery.
C12,000 J/cm²
This leaves milliwatts unconverted; the initial product is in mJ/cm².
D30 J/cm²
Dividing time by irradiance does not calculate radiant exposure.
Reference: ADA, Dental Curing Lights; Last updated 27 March 2023; accessed 3 November 2026; Curing Light Use, radiant exposure; Table 1. https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/dental-curing-lights
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05A patient with stage II periodontitis has substantial plaque, supragingival calculus and bleeding pockets. Which initial plan best supports subsequent subgingival treatment?
Practice question Unit: Periodontics
AWait for spontaneous improvement before giving hygiene instruction
Active periodontitis requires management rather than observation without instruction.
BPrescribe a rinse and postpone mechanical plaque control
A rinse does not replace mechanical biofilm removal or patient instruction.
CTeach effective home cleaning, control risk factors and remove supragingival deposits ✓ Correct answer
These first-step measures establish the conditions for effective cause-related treatment; subgingival instrumentation is still needed.
DPerform definitive periodontal surgery before addressing plaque control
Plaque and risk-factor control are foundational steps before further treatment decisions.
Reference: EFP S3 guideline, Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis (2020), Section 5; R1.1; R2.1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7891343/
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06A confirmed periodontitis case has greatest interdental CAL of 2 mm, less than 15% radiographic bone loss, maximum probing depth 4 mm and no tooth loss. Bone loss is horizontal, and there are no factors that increase complexity. Which stage fits?
Practice question Unit: Periodontics
AStage II
Stage II severity begins at 3–4 mm interdental CAL.
BStage III
No stage III severity or complexity criterion is provided.
CStage IV
No extensive tooth loss or stage IV rehabilitation complexity is present.
DStage I ✓ Correct answer
The worst-site CAL and bone loss meet stage I criteria, without upgrading factors.
Reference: Staging and Grading Periodontitis, p.1, staging. https://www.perio.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Staging-and-Grading-Periodontitis.pdf
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07A conscious, cooperative adolescent has just lost a permanent incisor in a sports injury. A teacher finds the tooth on the ground. How should the tooth be picked up to limit further periodontal damage?
Practice question Unit: Endodontics
AHold the crown and avoid touching the root ✓ Correct answer
Handling the crown helps protect periodontal ligament cells on the root surface.
BScrape the root before lifting the tooth
Scraping adds mechanical damage and is not the recommended first aid.
CGrip the root firmly with a tissue
Root handling can damage the cells that are important for periodontal healing.
DHold the root with forceps to avoid the crown
Forceps on the root can injure the periodontal surface; the crown is the preferred handling site.
Reference: IADT (2020), Avulsion of Permanent Teeth, section 2, first aid, item 2. https://www.aapd.org/media/policies_guidelines/e_avulsion.pdf
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08A dentist records only “symptomatic apical periodontitis” after examining a painful tooth. Which additional diagnostic category is needed for a complete conventional endodontic diagnosis?
Practice question Unit: Endodontics
AThe patient’s preferred toothpaste
Toothpaste preference is not a pulpal or apical diagnosis.
BThe brand of the existing restoration
Restoration details may inform evaluation but are not the missing diagnostic category.
CThe planned appointment duration
Appointment duration does not complete the diagnosis.
DA diagnosis of the pulpal status ✓ Correct answer
A complete endodontic assessment describes both pulpal and apical status.
Reference: AAE Endodontic Diagnosis (2013), diagnostic terminology only; p.2, examination and diagnostic principles. https://www.aae.org/specialty/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/12/Fall2013-EndoDiagnosis.pdf
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09A 6-year-old has deep caries in a restorable primary molar. Pain occurs briefly with cold and stops after the stimulus. There is no swelling, sinus tract, pathologic mobility, or radiographic root pathology. A dentin barrier remains. Which approach best reduces the risk of exposing the pulp during treatment?
Practice question Unit: Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry
AIntentional pulp exposure before placing a liner
Exposure is not a required step in indirect pulp treatment; avoiding it is a central objective.
BComplete excavation to hard dentin over the pulp
Complete excavation increases the chance of exposing the pulp and is not preferred for this presentation.
CPulpectomy regardless of the pulpal findings
There is no evidence of necrosis or radicular disease to justify removing all pulp tissue.
DSelective caries removal with indirect pulp treatment ✓ Correct answer
Selective removal preserves the deepest dentin to avoid exposure in a tooth consistent with normal pulp or reversible pulpitis.
Reference: AAPD, Use of Vital Pulp Therapies in Primary Teeth 2024; Table 3, recommendations 8a–8b (journal p.18). https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/g_vpt-2024.pdf
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10A patient with a prosthetic aortic valve needs subgingival scaling. There is no antibiotic allergy. Which preventive approach is appropriate?
Practice question Unit: Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery
AProvide indicated infective endocarditis prophylaxis ✓ Correct answer
A prosthetic valve is a highest-risk cardiac condition, and subgingival scaling manipulates gingival tissue.
BOmit prophylaxis because no mucosal incision is planned
Gingival manipulation itself qualifies in a high-risk cardiac patient.
CProvide prophylaxis only if valve implantation was within six months
The prosthetic-valve indication is not limited to the first six months.
DReserve prophylaxis for extractions rather than scaling
Subgingival scaling also manipulates gingival tissues.
Reference: ADA, Patient Selection; Dental Procedures. https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/antibiotic-prophylaxis
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