Try the questions in the test above first, then open each one here to see the correct answer and why every other option is wrong.
01The number of mussels dropped in a rocky shore area. Which explanation fits if sea stars feed on mussels?
Past exam question Unit: Biology and Ecology
AAn increase in algae
Algae do not prey on mussels or reduce their numbers.
BA fall in the number of predators of mussels
Fewer predators means fewer mussels eaten, so their numbers would rise.
CMore food available for the mussels
More food helps mussels grow and reproduce, so their numbers would rise.
DAn increase in the number of predatory sea stars ✓ Correct answer
When predators become more numerous, more prey are eaten and the mussel population falls.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Biology: ecology: relationships among organisms
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02A father has color blindness (a recessive X-linked trait), and his healthy daughter marries a healthy man. What percentage of their children (sons and daughters) are color-blind?
Past exam question Unit: Biology and Ecology
A25% ✓ Correct answer
Correct: daughter X^{C}X^{c} × healthy father X^{C}Y gives four equal outcomes, one of which is an affected son X^{c}Y, i.e. 25%.
B50%
50% is the proportion among sons only, not all children.
C0%
The daughter is a carrier, so the trait can appear in her children.
D100%
Not all children can be affected because the father is healthy.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Biology: Sex-linked inheritance
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03Which of the following is an infectious protein that can cause disease in a living organism?
Past exam question Unit: Biology and Ecology
AViroid
A viroid is a small circular RNA molecule, not a protein.
BPlasmid
A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule in bacteria.
CBacteriophage
A bacteriophage has genetic material inside a protein coat; it is not protein alone.
DPrion ✓ Correct answer
A prion is an infectious protein formed by misfolding of a normal protein, and it causes neurological diseases such as mad cow disease.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Biology: classification and diversity of living things
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04In the hydrogen atom the energy of level n is proportional to -\frac{1}{n^2}. What is the ratio of the energy of the fourth level to that of the first level?
Past exam question Unit: Chemistry
A\frac{1}{4}
This ratio would appear if energy were proportional to \frac{1}{n} rather than \frac{1}{n^2}.
B4
The ratio 4 inverts numerator and denominator; the first level has the largest magnitude of energy.
C\frac{1}{16} ✓ Correct answer
\frac{E_4}{E_1}=\frac{1/4^2}{1/1^2}=\frac{1}{16}.
D2
The ratio 2 does not follow from E\propto-\frac{1}{n^2}; it comes from simply dividing the level numbers.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Chemistry: Atomic structure: energy levels of the hydrogen atom
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05How many moles are in 66\,\text{g} of \text{CO}_2? (\text{C}=12, \text{O}=16)
Past exam question Unit: Chemistry
A1.0\,\text{mol}
This value would correspond to a mass of only 44\,\text{g}.
B2.0\,\text{mol}
This comes from dividing by 33, which is not the molar mass.
C1.5\,\text{mol} ✓ Correct answer
The molar mass is 12+2\times16=44\,\text{g/mol}, so the moles are 66\div44=1.5\,\text{mol}.
D3.0\,\text{mol}
This comes from dividing by 22, which is half the molar mass.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Chemistry: stoichiometry: the mole and molar mass
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06What is the oxidation number of iron in \text{Fe(OH)}_3?
Past exam question Unit: Chemistry
A+2
This fits \text{Fe(OH)}_2, which has two hydroxide groups.
B+1
This fits only a single hydroxide group.
C+3 ✓ Correct answer
Each \text{OH}^- carries -1 and there are three, so iron is +3.
D-3
Iron is a metal that loses electrons, so its oxidation number cannot be negative.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Chemistry: redox: oxidation numbers
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07A 0.2\,\text{kg} object moves in a horizontal circle of radius 1\,\text{m} with a period of 3.14\,\text{s}. What is the centripetal force on it? (\pi \approx 3.14)
Past exam question Unit: Physics
A0.4\,\text{N}
This value comes from using \omega instead of \omega^2 in the formula; the angular speed must be squared.
B1.6\,\text{N}
This value is twice the correct result, so it is larger than the formula gives for the stated data.
C3.2\,\text{N}
This value is four times the correct result and comes from an error in finding \omega or from dropping a factor in the formula.
D0.8\,\text{N} ✓ Correct answer
The centripetal force is F_c = m\dfrac{4\pi^2 r}{T^2}; with \omega = 2\pi/T = 2\,\text{rad/s} this gives F_c = 0.2\times 4\times 1 = 0.8\,\text{N}.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Physics: Circular motion and centripetal force
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08An AC generator produces a peak voltage of 100\,\text{V} and supplies a purely resistive external circuit with a peak current of 180\,\text{A}. What is the average power produced, in watts?
Past exam question Unit: Physics
A18000
This value is the peak power V_{max}I_{max}, not the average power.
B9000\sqrt{2}
This value comes from multiplying by \sqrt{2} instead of dividing by 2.
C\dfrac{9000}{\sqrt{2}}
This value divides the correct result by \sqrt{2} a second time for no reason.
D9000 ✓ Correct answer
P_{avg} = \tfrac{1}{2}I_{max}V_{max} = \tfrac{1}{2}\times 180\times 100 = 9000\,\text{W}.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Physics: Alternating current: average power
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09Ahmad and four other people, including Omar, stand in a line in random order. What is the probability that Ahmad stands in the middle and Omar stands directly to his right?
Past exam question Unit: Mathematics
A\dfrac{1}{5}
This is the probability that Ahmad stands in the middle only, without the condition on Omar's position.
B\dfrac{1}{60}
This value assumes a third person is also fixed in a specific position, which is not required.
C\dfrac{1}{120}
This is the probability of one fully specified arrangement of all five people, but here three people remain and can be arranged in 3! ways.
D\dfrac{1}{20} ✓ Correct answer
The total number of arrangements is 5!=120, and the favorable ones are 3!=6 (Ahmad and Omar fixed, the other three permute): \frac{6}{120}=\frac1{20}.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Mathematics: Permutations and probability
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10A geometric sequence has first three terms with sum 26, and the next three terms sum to 702. What is its common ratio?
Past exam question Unit: Mathematics
A27
This is r^3, not r.
B9
If r=9 then r^3=729, but the required value is r^3=\frac{702}{26}=27.
C3 ✓ Correct answer
The sum of terms 4 to 6 equals r^3 times the first sum: r^3=\frac{702}{26}=27, so r=3.
D\frac13
A ratio below 1 makes terms decrease, so the second sum would be smaller than 26.
Reference: Saudi secondary curriculum (track system), Mathematics: sequences and series
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